Hi Joe. Thanks so much for reading and for sharing your thoughts. I agree with you on the meaning associated with the word Duìshǒu(对手). In hindsight, I can definitely recount hearing the word used to denote friendly competition, particularly in sporting contexts. Then again, given the kind of security documents the word has recently appeared in, I doubt this positivity would be interpreted by Chinese policy-makers. The other factor that would impact policy-makers interpretation of Duìshǒu is that is appears alongside the other problematic titles raised in the article. Still you make a valid point. The nuances behind translating English to Chinese and vice-versa are many and varied. If you’re interested I’ve made other translations in a number of my articles (such as this one on the situation in Xinjiang). I really appreciate your input as a I feel the truest of translations will come from the combined efforts of bi and multilinguals that understand the dynamics of different cultures. 作为一个外国人，我翻译能力还是比较差!